Constipation — Acupressure for Constipation in the Elderly
Citation(s)
Jung ES, Chang AK Effects of Auricular Acupressure in Patients on Hemodialysis. J Nurs Res. 2020 Aug;28(4):e106. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000378.
Lee EJ, Frazier SK The efficacy of acupressure for symptom management: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Oct;42(4):589-603. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.01.007. Epub 2011 Apr 30. Review.
Shin J, Park H Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Constipation in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Control Trial. West J Nurs Res. 2018 Jan;40(1):67-83. doi: 10.1177/0193945916680362. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
Wang PM, Hsu CW, Liu CT, Lai TY, Tzeng FL, Huang CF Effect of acupressure on constipation in patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2019 Sep;27(9):3473-3478. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-4655-1. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Erratum in: Support Care Cancer. 2020 Mar;28(3):1535.
The Effect of Acupressure on Constıpatıon Symptoms and Quality of Lıfe in Elderly People
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
