Butler-Manuel SA, Buttery LD, A'Hern RP, Polak JM, Barton DP Pelvic nerve plexus trauma at radical and simple hysterectomy: a quantitative study of nerve types in the uterine supporting ligaments. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2002 Jan-Feb;9(1):47-56.
Butler-Manuel SA, Buttery LD, A'Hern RP, Polak JM, Barton DP Pelvic nerve plexus trauma at radical hysterectomy and simple hysterectomy: the nerve content of the uterine supporting ligaments. Cancer. 2000 Aug 15;89(4):834-41. Erratum in: Cancer 2000 Nov 15;89(10):2144.
Plante M, Renaud MC, François H, Roy M Vaginal radical trachelectomy: an oncologically safe fertility-preserving surgery. An updated series of 72 cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2004 Sep;94(3):614-23. Review.
Plante M, Renaud MC, Hoskins IA, Roy M Vaginal radical trachelectomy: a valuable fertility-preserving option in the management of early-stage cervical cancer. A series of 50 pregnancies and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2005 Jul;98(1):3-10. Review.
Weijmar Schultz, W C. M., van de Wiel, H. B. M. & Bouma, J. (1991) Psychosexual functioning after treatment for cancer of the cervix: A comparative and longitudinal study. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 1, 37-46.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
