Cardiovascular Diseases — Multicenter Study of Silent Myocardial Ischemia (MSSMI)
Citation(s)
Bigger JT Jr, Hoover CA, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Fleiss JL Autonomic nervous system activity during myocardial ischemia in man estimated by power spectral analysis of heart period variability. The Multicenter Study of Silent Myocardial Ischemia Investigators. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Aug 15;66(4):497-8.
Bodenheimer MM, Wackers FJ, Schwartz RG, Brown M Prognostic significance of a fixed thallium defect one to six months after onset of acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Dec 15;74(12):1196-200.
Freedland KE, Carney RM, Krone RJ, Case NB, Case RB Psychological determinants of anginal pain perception during exercise testing of stable patients after recovery from acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1996 Jan 1;77(1):1-4.
Goldstein RE, Andrews M, Hall WJ, Moss AJ Marked reduction in long-term cardiac deaths with aspirin after a coronary event. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Aug;28(2):326-30.
Nakamura Y, Moss AJ, Brown MW, Kinoshita M, Kawai C Differential effects of beta-blockers in patients after recovery from myocardial infarction and after recovery from unstable angina. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group. Heart Vessels. 1997;Suppl 12:160-1.
Narins CR, Zareba W, Moss AJ, Goldstein RE, Hall WJ Clinical implications of silent versus symptomatic exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Mar 15;29(4):756-63.
Wackers FJ, Bodenheimer M, Fleiss JL, Brown M Factors affecting uniformity in interpretation of planar thallium-201 imaging in a multicenter trial. The Multicenter Study on Silent Myocardial Ischemia (MSSMI) Thallium-201 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Apr;21(5):1064-74.
Zareba W, Moss AJ, Raubertas RF Risk of subsequent cardiac events in stable convalescing patients after first non-Q-wave and Q-wave myocardial infarction: the limited role of non-invasive testing. The Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group. Coron Artery Dis. 1994 Dec;5(12):1009-18.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
