Cardiovascular Diseases — Effect of Front-of-Pack Labels in Ethiopia
Citation(s)
Challa F, Tadesse Y, Mudie K, et al Urinary Sodium Excretion and Determinants among Adults in Ethiopia: Findings from National STEPS Survey. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2017; 31(1):370-77.
Croker H, Packer J, Russell SJ, Stansfield C, Viner RM Front of pack nutritional labelling schemes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent evidence relating to objectively measured consumption and purchasing. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020 Aug;33(4):518-537. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12758. Epub 2020 May 4.
Popkin BM Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition. Nutr Rev. 2017 Feb 1;75(2):73-82. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw064. No abstract available.
Stuckler D, McKee M, Ebrahim S, Basu S Manufacturing epidemics: the role of global producers in increased consumption of unhealthy commodities including processed foods, alcohol, and tobacco. PLoS Med. 2012;9(6):e1001235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001235. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
Effect of Front-of-Package Labels on the Intent to Purchase Packaged Foods in Ethiopia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
