Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Change in general Self-Efficacy |
General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) is a 10-item scale that will be used to measure an individual's perceptions regarding their ability to manage novel situations. All 10 items are scored using a Likert rating scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true).The total score ranges from 10 to 40. A higher score indicates better self-efficacy. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Internalized Stigma |
The Brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-10) scale will be adapted to determine the extent to which autistic individuals have accepted perceptions from others about their ability to function successfully in the community. Each question is rated as 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= agree, 4= strongly agree. Total scores range from 10-40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of reported internalized stigma of mental illness. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in coping skills |
The Brief COPE is a questionnaire to assess the usual coping strategies. A total of 28 items are scored on from 1=not at all to 4 = a lot, with minimum score of 28 and maximum score of 112. A higher score reflect a higher level of coping skills |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in self-identity |
The adapted Questionnaire on Disability Identity and Opportunity (QDIO) uses 30 questions to measure disability participation and orientation, using a five-point Likert scale where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. Total scores range from 30 to 150, with higher score reflecting a more positive self-identity |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in social support |
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) emotional support and informational support item banks will be used to measure social support. A total of 8 items are scored on a 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 8 to 40 (a higher score means higher reported support). |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in unmet needs |
A modified version of the Camberwell Assessment of Need will be used to assess unmet needs in 23 life domains, including housing, taking care of one's home, autism information and treatment, psychological distress, social life, intimate relationships, and other areas. The total scores range from 0 to 23, with higher score indicating more unmet needs |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in social functioning |
The Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition (SRS-2) is among the most well-validated and frequently used measures of ASD symptomatology. The SRS-2 provides a continuous measure of social ability. Scores range from 30 to >= 90, with higher scores indicating greater social impairment. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Cognitive Flexibility |
The Shift scale from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) will be used to measure cognitive flexibility. Participants rate each item on a 3-point scale (1=Never, 2=Sometimes, or 3=Often) based on their experience within the last month. The sum of 6 items yields the raw score (range: 6-18). A lower score represents a better outcome. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Loneliness |
The University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, Version 3 is a 20-item scale that assesses feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Participants rate items on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (often).Items are summed to create a score that can range from 20-80, higher scores being indicative of greater loneliness. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Purpose in Life |
The PROMIS Meaning and Purpose item bank that consists of 8 items will be used. The response options range from "not at all" to "very much," yielding a raw score from 8 to 40. A higher score indicates a higher level of purpose in life. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Resilience |
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - 10 (CD-RISC) is the most frequently used instrument to measure resilience. The measure consists of 10 items using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 4 (true nearly all of the time). The scale measures how the participant felt over the past month. The questionnaire produces an overall resilience score that ranges from 0-40, with higher scores representing greater resilience. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Change in Hope |
The Adult Hope Scale assesses belief in one's own ability to pursue desired goals and employ strategies needed to achieve the goals. A total of 12 items are scored on a scale from 1=Definitely False to 8 =Definitely True. Total scores range from 12 to 96, with a higher score reflecting a higher level of perceived hope. |
Baseline, month 3, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Changes in Community Participation |
We will use a modified version of the Temple University Community Participation Measure (TUCP) to measure community participation. A total of 27 items measure the total days of participation (ranging from 0 - 810) and total participation areas (ranging from 0-27), with higher scores indicating higher levels of community participation. |
Baseline, month 12 |
|
| Primary |
Changes in Quality of Life |
WHOQOL-BREF evaluates both objective and subjective aspects of quality of life. A total 26 item produces four domain scores: physical, psychological, social relationships and environment domain (Likert type scale ranging from 1- strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree). The total scores range from 26 to 130, with a higher score reflecting a higher level of quality of life. |
Baseline, month 12 |
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