Anxiety — Elective Coronary Angiography and Anxiety Study
Citation(s)
Astin F, Jones K, Thompson DR Prevalence and patterns of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Heart Lung. 2005 Nov-Dec;34(6):393-401.
Chaudhury S, Srivastava K Relation of depression, anxiety, and quality of life with outcome after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Nov 10;2013:465979. doi: 10.1155/2013/465979. eCollection 2013.
Tully PJ, Cosh SM, Baumeister H The anxious heart in whose mind? A systematic review and meta-regression of factors associated with anxiety disorder diagnosis, treatment and morbidity risk in coronary heart disease. J Psychosom Res. 2014 Dec;77(6):439-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 14. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
