Ankle Sprain — Effects Of High Voltage Pulsed Current On Post-Traumatic Injuries
Citation(s)
Bettany JA, Fish DR, Mendel FC High-voltage pulsed direct current: effect on edema formation after hyperflexion injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Aug;71(9):677-81.
Bettany JA, Fish DR, Mendel FC Influence of high voltage pulsed direct current on edema formation following impact injury. Phys Ther. 1990 Apr;70(4):219-24.
Dolan MG, Mychaskiw AM, Mattacola CG, Mendel FC Effects of Cool-Water Immersion and High-Voltage Electric Stimulation for 3 Continuous Hours on Acute Edema in Rats. J Athl Train. 2003 Dec;38(4):325-329.
Dolan MG, Mychaskiw AM, Mendel FC Cool-Water Immersion and High-Voltage Electric Stimulation Curb Edema Formation in Rats. J Athl Train. 2003 Sep;38(3):225-230.
Griffin JW, Newsome LS, Stralka SW, Wright PE Reduction of chronic posttraumatic hand edema: a comparison of high voltage pulsed current, intermittent pneumatic compression, and placebo treatments. Phys Ther. 1990 May;70(5):279-86.
Karnes JL, Mendel FC, Fish DR, Burton HW High-voltage pulsed current: its influence on diameters of histamine-dilated arterioles in hamster cheek pouches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Apr;76(4):381-6.
Karnes JL, Mendel FC, Fish DR Effects of low voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs following impact injury. Phys Ther. 1992 Apr;72(4):273-8.
Mendel FC, Fish DR New Perspectives in Edema Control via Electrical Stimulation. J Athl Train. 1993 Spring;28(1):63-74.
Mendel FC, Wylegala JA, Fish DR Influence of high voltage pulsed current on edema formation following impact injury in rats. Phys Ther. 1992 Sep;72(9):668-73.
Mohr TM, Akers TK, Landry RG Effect of high voltage stimulation on edema reduction in the rat hind limb. Phys Ther. 1987 Nov;67(11):1703-7.
Reed BV Effect of high voltage pulsed electrical stimulation on microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. A possible mechanism in minimizing edema. Phys Ther. 1988 Apr;68(4):491-5.
Taylor K, Fish DR, Mendel FC, Burton HW Effect of a single 30-minute treatment of high voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs. Phys Ther. 1992 Jan;72(1):63-8.
Taylor K, Mendel FC, Fish DR, Hard R, Burton HW Effect of high-voltage pulsed current and alternating current on macromolecular leakage in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Phys Ther. 1997 Dec;77(12):1729-40.
Thornton RM, Mendel FC, Fish DR Effects of electrical stimulation on edema formation in different strains of rats. Phys Ther. 1998 Apr;78(4):386-94.
Effects Of High Voltage Pulsed Current On Ankle Post-Traumatic Injuries
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
