Alzheimer Disease — Polymorphism of ApoE in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic Study in Castile and Leon (Spain)
Citation(s)
Alharbi KK, Syed R, Alharbi FK, Khan IA Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Impact on Overweight University Pupils. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2017 Jan;21(1):53-57. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0190.
Eisenberg DT, Kuzawa CW, Hayes MG Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Sep;143(1):100-11. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21298.
Pantelidis P, Lambert-Hammill M, Wierzbicki AS Simple sequence-specific-primer-PCR method to identify the three main apolipoprotein E haplotypes. Clin Chem. 2003 Nov;49(11):1945-8. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.021683. No abstract available.
Reitz C, Mayeux R Use of genetic variation as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Oct;1180:75-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04945.x.
Salameh TS, Rhea EM, Banks WA, Hanson AJ Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and apolipoprotein E interactions as mechanisms in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016 Sep;241(15):1676-83. doi: 10.1177/1535370216660770. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Alzheimer's Disease as a Sociosanitary Priority: ApoE Gene Polymorphism
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
