Pain Clinical Trial
Official title:
Hope and Expectations as Components of Open-Label Placebos: An Experimental Study Investigating Pain
Research has shown that placebo effects contribute substantially to clinical outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that placebos remain effective even if they are openly described as placebos (so-called Open-Label Placebos). In this study, the investigators examine hope and expectations as components of open-label placebos in an experimental study investigating pain..
A growing body of research has indicated that placebos contribute substantially to clinical
outcomes. Yet, the implementation of deceptive placebos in clinical practice is incompatible
with key principles of openness and patient autonomy. However, recent research suggests that
placebos remain effective even if they openly described as placebos (so-called Open-Label
Placebos (OLP)), hence questioning the necessity of deception in clinical trials. However,
research identifying the specific mechanisms underlying OLP is lacking. Therefore, the
current study aims to examine hope and expectations as components of OLP in pain.
For this purpose, experimentally induced heat pain is examined. First, all participants
receive heat pain stimuli and evaluate them. Next, participants are randomly assigned to one
of four groups: (1) a traditional deceptive placebo (DP) group, which is told that they
receive an effective analgesic cream, (2) an OLP group inducing hope among the participants
that the placebo cream could help them tolerating painful stimuli (OLP hope), (3) and OLP
group raising the expectation that the placebo cream will help participants tolerating heat
pain (OLP expectation), (4) a control group receiving no cream. Finally, participants receive
and evaluate heat pain again.
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