BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carrier and BRCAness Phenotype Clinical Trial
Official title:
Phase II Study With Trabectedin (Yondelis®) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carrier and BRCAness Phenotype Advanced Ovarian Cancer Patients
This is a multicenter phase II study on trabectedin in advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer
patients with BRCA mutation and BRCAness phenotype.
The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility in terms of objective response
rate by RECIST version 1.1 (Complete and Partial Response [CR + PR]) with trabectedin in
patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier or BRCAness phenotype advanced ovarian cancer
patients.
The main contribution to hereditary ovarian cancer comes from breast cancer (BRCA) genes
mutations, which are responsible of 90% of hereditary ovarian cancer. The two susceptibility
genes associated with epithelial-type OC are BRCA1 and BRCA2.
The BRCA proteins play an important role in the DNA repair mechanisms and are also involved
in the control of the cell cycle checkpoints, in protein ubiquitinization and chromatin
remodelling.
Mutations in the BRCA genes have been extensively described in families affected by breast
and/or OC; mutated BRCA1 has been found in up to 75% of families with hereditary OC - Recent
data suggest that dysfunction of BRCA1andBRCA2, so-called BRCAness, maybe more prevalent
than originally assumed. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms can create the BRCAness
phenotype in at least a third of all epithelial ovarian cancers. The definition of BRCAness
ovarian cancer is: high-grade serous cancers, high initial sensitivity to platinum drugs and
retention of platinum-sensitivity through multiple relapses, longer history of disease,
longer survival, longer TFIs between relapses.
Yondelis® (trabectedin) is proposed to block the transcriptional activation of a subset of
inducible genes without affecting their constitutive expression. Trabectedin binds to the
minor groove of DNA, bending the helix to the major groove. This binding to DNA triggers a
cascade of events affecting several transcription factors, DNA binding proteins, and DNA
repair pathways, resulting in perturbation of the cell cycle.
Cell cycle studies of the action of trabectedin on tumor cells in vitro reveal that it
decreases the rate of progression of the cells through S phase towards G2 and causes a
prolonged blockade in G2/M at biologically relevant concentrations (20-80 nM). These cell
cycle blocks are p53-independent and lead to a strong apoptopic response. Cells in G1 are
more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of trabectedin. These effects appear to be related
to the unique 3-subunit structure, where two of the subunits or rings are involved in
binding to the minor groove of DNA in guanine-cytosine rich sequences and alkylation N2 of
guanine forming adducts that distorted the DNA helix structure and they are recognized by
the TC-NER mechanism.
DNA repair proficiency is a major determinant for the cytotoxicity of trabectedin: human
cell lines deficient for genes essential for TC-NER activity as XPA, XPB, XPD, XPF, XPG,
ERCC1, CSA and CSB are resistant to trabectedin, and this resistance is reverted by
complementation of the cells with the corresponding gene. Trabectedin induces double strand
breaks and that the BRCA1-/- human cell line HCC1937 and BRCA2Δ22/Δ22 mice cells are more
sensitive to trabectedin and this hypersensitivity is reverted by complementation by the
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.
Based in these observations it was hypothesized that the NER machinery trapped in the DNA
lesion induced by trabectedin was resolved by the cells producing double strand breaks that
were repaired by the HRR machinery, and synergistic action of TC-NER and HRR machinery would
be necessary for maximal trabectedin cytotoxicity.
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Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment