Diabetic Kidney Disease Clinical Trial
Official title:
Association of BsmI Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene With Diabetic Kidney Disease
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as one of chronic complication of type 2 diabetes
mellitus, is common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Vitamin D deficiency is known as
one of DKD risk factors. Recent studies on association between vitamin D deficiency and DKD
had shown conflicting results. It may be due to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, which
is affected by BsmI, Cdx2, ApaI, FokI, and TaqI gene. The investigators conducted
cross-sectional study to investigate association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D
receptor gene with diabetic kidney disease
Hypothesis: BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene is associated with diabetic kidney
disease (DKD)
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Data from
Indonesian Renal Registry (2011) revealed that 25% etiology of patients who underwent
hemodialysis is DKD. Risk factors that are associated with DKD include blood glucose control,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, duration of diabetes mellitus, high body mass index (BMI), age,
sex, ethnicity, vitamin D deficiency, high sodium diet, high protein diet, and smoking.
The roles of vitamin D that are related to kidney are inhibition of renin transcription
process, angiotensin II, renal inflammation process, and albumin excretion, prevention of
podocytes damage, glomerulosclerosis process, and transformation from kidney epithelial cell
into mesenchymal cell. Current studies on association between vitamin D deficiency and DKD
had shown conflicting results. It may be related to genetic factor which is vitamin D
receptor polymorphisms. The vitamin D receptor polymorphism is affected by Cdx2, ApaI, BsmI,
FokI, and TaqI gene, where Asian population is mostly affected by ApaI, FokI, and Cdx2.
Several studies had reported the association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor
gene and DKD in various population. Zhang, et al (2012) study revealed the association
between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD in Han Chinese population,
while study from Vedralova, et al (2012) in Caucasian race showed opposite result. However,
the association between BsmI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD has not been
investigated in Indonesian-Malay race.
This is a cross-sectional study that investigate the association between BsmI polymorphisms
in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD in Indonesian-Malay race. The investigators collected data
about study participants' characteristics, conducted physical examination and laboratory
examination, which include BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene.
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