There are about 189 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Mali. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
This study is being conducted in Mali, Africa. Pneumonia is a respiratory infection of the lungs caused by bacteria or virus. Some children can develop signs of severe pneumonia and as a result, have difficulty breathing and low levels of oxygen in the blood. In some cases this can progress to death. Patients with signs of severe pneumonia require admission to the hospital for treatment and the treatment includes delivery of oxygen. Currently, in the hospital, oxygen is available for delivery by nasal cannula to children. In this case, oxygen is given through a small plastic tube which delivers oxygen through the nose. However, the amount of oxygen that can be given is limited because of the size of the tube and the amount of oxygen that can go through. However, a new device known as the bubble CPAP machine delivers oxygen through the nose in a way that helps the airways to stay open. This is known to provide better support to children less than 1 year of age who have difficulty breathing with signs of severe pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bubble CPAP in Children up to 5 years of age with with signs of severe pneumonia.
Background: -Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria. In Mali, TB is diagnosed with a test that is fast and inexpensive but not always accurate. The purpose of this study is to test a new method for diagnosing TB, called the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) test. The MODS test takes 7 days to show results. The test also gives information on which drugs will work best in each case. Objective: -To test a new method for diagnosing tuberculosis called the microscopic observation drug susceptibility test. Eligibility: - Participants must be 12 years of age or older. - They must have a diagnosis of TB from a sputum smear, or have symptoms of TB and an x-ray indicating that TB is present. Design: - Participants will take part in the study from 6 months to 21 months and be assigned to one of three groups, depending on what type of TB they have. - At the first visit, researchers ask questions about general health and symptoms of TB. They check vital signs, draw blood, and ask for a sputum sample. The blood is used to check for HIV infection and for the number of CD4 cells, which measures the severity of the HIV infection. - The 2-, 5-, and 6-month visits are similar to the first. Those who do not have multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB will end their participation after the 6-month visit. MDR TB is tuberculosis that has not responded to isoniazid and rifampicin. Participants with MDR TB will remain in the study for 21 months. - No treatment is provided as part of this study.
This study, conducted in Bamako, Mali (West Africa), will collect blood and sputum samples to establish normal values for laboratory test results among Malians. Researchers are starting a new initiative to study HIV and tuberculosis in Africa, using Mali as a model country. In order to perform these studies, the scientists need to know what constitutes normal laboratory values among the population. People in developing countries may have dramatically different laboratory values from those who live in developed countries, and there is currently little information available to distinguish normal from abnormal results in Malians. This study will establish normal ranges that will provide a basis for future HIV and tuberculosis research in Mali. Additionally it will provide blood and sputum samples to researchers to study different scientific questions related to HIV and Tuberculosis infection. Healthy volunteers and people infected with HIV or tuberculosis, or both, who are 18 years of age or older and who live in Bamako, Mali, may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history, physical examination, and blood test. Participants provide a blood or sputum sample, or both, for laboratory analysis. Blood is collected through a needle inserted into an arm vein, and sputum is collected by having the participant cough deeply and spit in a cup. Participants may agree to provide samples one time only or on a returning visit basis. Returning visits may be scheduled daily or weekly. Subjects may continue to participate for the duration of the 4-year study, provided their medical history and physical examination are updated once a year.