View clinical trials related to Body Composition.
Filter by:Body composition measurement is an important tool for assessing the physical condition of sick or healthy people, as well as for monitoring changes in body composition and physical performance during diet and/or training. Many people self-monitor their body composition using portable and inexpensive assessment tools, but most of them have not been tested for accuracy and precision. This study aims to assess the accuracy and precision of a new portable impedancemeter scale to measure body composition in comparison with proven techniques, such as 4-electrode electrical bioimpedance analysis and dual X-ray absorptiometry.
The objective of this study is to compare the body composition and physical performance effects of HIIT, with or without intermittent fasting intervention in active women. Fourteen active normal weight women aged 18-35 participated in the study. The effects of 2x8 weeks without (HIIT) or with (HIIT+IF) intermittent fasting caloric restriction (20% reduction in weekly energy intake) on body composition and performance (Hand-grip strength, Counter movement jump, Wingate Anaerobic 30 s Cycling Test), were compared. There were two weeks in between both phases when they did not perform the scheduled activity, so as not to alter the experimental phase.
It is reported that the standard method for fortification of human milk (HM) overestimates the energy and protein densities of HM (Macedo MHNP 2018), thus originating infant undernutrition (Macedo AJP 2018). The target fortification, based on analysis of HM composition, is considered the gold-standard method (Rochow 2015, McLeod 2016). This observational mixed cohort study aims to assess if very preterm infants fed HM with target fortification have greater growth during hospital stay and better body composition at term post-menstrual age (PMA), than those fed HM with standard fortification.
Controlled clinical trial, randomized by strata (sex and period of the study), with 6 parallel branches to the study depending on the type of product consumed and the type of physical exercise program performed, double-blind masked for the consumption of the product and single-center.
Thirty active male and female athletes will be recruited for the study. Subjects will be examined at baseline for VO2max performance. Subjects will then be stratified and randomly divided equally (50% - 50%) into an Oceanix (supplemental) or placebo condition such that baseline VO2max match. Once randomization, subjects will be baseline tested for multiple measures of muscle force capacity, muscle soreness, immune function, and endocrine function. Upon completion of baseline testing, subjects will all complete a one-day, cross-training course in Tampa, Florida. The training course is known to be extremely vigorous and causes significant muscle damage. Subjects will then be retested for muscle function at 24, and 48 hours following the course. At 24- and 48-hours subjects will be asked to repeat a simulated time trial race. In this way, we will measure repeated race performance, recovery from intense exercise, muscle damage from exercise, and immune function during multiple races.
The purpose of this study is to better understand the genetic and environmental etiology of early infant effortful control and infant feeding behaviors, and preschool executive functioning and eating behaviors. An additional purpose is to establish whether these four constructs (infant effortful control; infant feeding behaviors; preschool executive functioning; and preschool eating behaviors) have shared genetic and / or environment etiologies. Study objectives: (1) Evaluate the extent to which genetic influences on infants' effortful control of behavior are modified by prenatal diet, exercise and stress (2) Estimate the extent to which infant effortful control of behavior predicts and shares genetic influences with preschool executive functioning, and preschool eating behaviors. (3) Identify which genes are associated with infant effortful control behavior, preschool executive functioning, and preschool eating behaviors. (4) Examine whether there is a pattern of bacteria in the gut microbiome which associates with infant effortful control of behavior, preschool executive functioning, and preschool eating behaviors.
Exposure to vitamin D intervention in early life may have permanent effects on physiology and metabolism. Bone growth and mineralization, development of immunity, body composition and brain structure and functioning may be affected. The importance of a long-term surveillance includes follow-up of both beneficial but also harmful effects of vitamin D. Vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) study was conducted in 2013-2016. VIDI study was a large randomized trial that aimed to evaluate effects of two vitamin D supplemental doses of daily 10 ug and 30 ug from the age 2 weeks until 2 years on bone strength, infections, immunity, allergy, atopy and asthma, neurologic and cognitive development, and genetic regulation of mineral homeostasis. Current study is a 6 Years Follow-up (VIDI2) study of the original VIDI trial. Our focuses of interest in the follow-up are: bone strength, growth pattern, body composition, and morbidity due to infections and allergic diseases, and the development of immunity. Further, in addition to more classical associates of vitamin D, our aim is to continue to follow-up children's neurocognitive development and mental health. We will also focus on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on occurrence of molar-incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, and oral immunity.
According to the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010, 60% of woman in reproductive age are overweight or obese with detrimental consequences on women as well as offspring´s health at long term. New efforts are required to clarify how increased maternal body fat and obesity previous and during pregnancy impinge an increased cardiometabolic and obesity risk in the progeny. Nowadays it is clear that obesity in adults constitute a chronic state of sub-clinical inflammation characterized by an increased infiltration of monocytes in the adipose tissue as well as an imbalance between increased pro- (M1) and decreased anti- (M2) inflammatory macrophage polarization. Increased inflammatory markers have been found in obese children as young as 3 years of age, but if these markers are present at birth is completely unknown. Therefore, unveiling the mechanisms implicated in the capability of monocytes to differentiate into pro-inflammatory macrophages at birth would contribute to establish early markers of the potential risk to develop cardio-metabolic diseases. In this context, modulation of M1-M2 polarization seems to be crucial for the development of altered immune response, and this process would be tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. On the other hand, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play a role as precursors of cellular membrane components and modifiers, and as precursors of a plethora of signaling molecules that participates in cardiovascular, metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, DHA regulates gene expression in monocytes and macrophages altering the M1/M2 polarization. The supplementation with DHA in a high risk population of pregestational obese mothers, with known low n-3 intake, would have an important impact on newborn and infant % body fat. An improvement in the n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio during pregnancy in humans could represent a primary prevention strategy to revert fetal and neonatal high body fat and a healthy immune system maturation. The hypothesis of this proposal is that neonates born from obese mothers supplemented with DHA during pregnancy show a reduction in specific markers of high-risk of obesity. These markers would be evidenced as a lower percent of body fat at birth and at 4 months of age, as well as the reversion of functional and epigenetic changes in neonatal monocytes at birth, compared to neonates from obese mothers with low DHA intake.
This study will examine the effects of Oceanix™, an antioxidant supplement, on muscle performance, immune and endocrine function, recovery and safety in participants undergoing resistance training. Measures of muscle performance will include isometric testing in the bench-press and mid-thigh pull and ground reaction forces in the counter movement- and squat-jump. Markers of immune function will include salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) as well as serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while endocrine function will be measured by salivary cortisol and testosterone. Recovery will be measure by plasma creatine kinase (CK) and perceptual measures will be assessed using a validated perceived recovery status (PRS) scale. Safety metrics will be indicated by a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), complete blood count (CBC), and urinalysis (UA). Additionally, the modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) will be administered following each training session to grade physical exertion and monitor progression of the training protocol.
Despite the intensive worldwide research dedicated to the nutrition and faecal microbiota, the studies that follow the link between the early nutrition, initial intestinal microbiota, and development of children over a longer time period are limited. From 2010 to 2013, the investigators conducted a study "My-Milk" in Slovenia. From 185 participating pregnant women involved in the detailed part of the protocol (comprising of 4-days weighed dietary record, visits at clinic and biological sample collection), 152 participants completed the study at the child's first year of age. Five of the participants bore twins whose data was excluded from the research because infant's identity was not consistently followed throughout the research. In addition to studying the microbiota and fatty acid composition of breast milk and the initial development of intestinal microbiota of breastfed babies, the investigators also monitored the diet of expecting and nursing participants, concentration of vitamin D in serum and bone mineral density in participating mothers and children. The investigators performed anthropometric measurements of children during the first year of age. All singleton children who have completed My-Milk study (N= 147) will be invited in the follow-up study "My-Milk-2". The first step of the proposed study will be the evaluation of nutritional status of children aged 6 to 7 years in 2017/2018, including the assessment of the body composition (bone density, percentage of fat and muscle tissue), health indicators (blood pressure, blood cholesterol, frequency and severity of infections) and fecal microbiota. The obtained data of My-Milk and My-Milk-2 studies will enable the prospective cohort study to be carried out on the effects of early nutrition and various factors of mother and child during the first year of age on the health and developmental status of children aged 6- 7 years. The project results will significantly improve the progress in research areas of public health and nutrition. The interactions along the axis nutrition in early childhood, gut microbiota composition/ diversity and potential health problems in later life are still not fully explored. The investigators expect the results of the proposed study will contribute to the scientific development in this field in global prospective. The acquired information will also be an excellent basis for development of new dietary guidelines for children.