View clinical trials related to Alcohol Consumption.
Filter by:Over the past decade, many new programs intended to prevent substance use among adolescents have been developed and evaluated. There has been a recent shift towards brief interventions for youth in school (Brown, 2001; D'Amico and Fromme, 2002) and health care settings, such as emergency rooms and inpatient clinics (Barnett et al., 2001; Colby et al., 1998; Monti et al., 1999). Although the primary care setting presents a unique opportunity to intervene with youth concerning drug use, such as marijuana or inhalants, many youth are not screened for use (Friedman et al., 1990; Johnson and Millstein, 2003; Middleman et al., 1995) and preventive services in this setting are significantly below recommended levels (Halpern-Felsher et al., 2000; Klein et al., 2001; Ozer et al., 2001). The objectives of the proposed research are to: 1) explore the feasibility of adapting a brief intervention from our previous work for use in the primary care (PC) setting, and 2) assess the short-term efficacy of the intervention in the PC setting. During year 1, focus groups of high-risk youth (n=16), parents (n=8), and providers (n=8) will provide feedback on barriers to implementing a substance use brief intervention in a PC setting. We define high-risk youth as those who may have already developed regular patterns of use or have experienced some problems due to their use. In addition, the intervention will be pilot tested with 10 high-risk youth who will provide feedback on intervention content. Revisions will be made to the intervention curriculum based on this feedback and in year 2, the short-term efficacy of the intervention will be tested with a small sample of high-risk youth (n=30). This study will extend brief intervention research for youth, as it will be one of the first to examine the feasibility of implementing a brief substance use intervention to PC with high-risk youth and to determine the impact of this intervention on short-term outcomes.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of a mail-based self-guided motivational intervention based on Project CHOICES to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP) with female students and non-students 18 to 44 years of age living in Florida. The investigators hypothesize that the motivational intervention will significantly reduce more women's risk of an AEP than will an informational intervention aimed at preventing fetal alcohol syndrome. Materials will be available in Spanish and English
The objective of this project was to test whether screening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use leads to improved alcohol-related outcomes (such as alcohol consumption and linkage to alcohol assistance) and is cost-effective.
Older adults become more sensitive to alcohol, and alcohol also interacts adversely with their common medical conditions and medications. The aim of Project SHARE (Senior Health and Alcohol Risk Education) is to see whether patient and provider education can decrease risky alcohol use and reduce health care costs in persons 60 years of age and older.
This study will examine the role of the brain chemical dopamine in people's response to alcohol consumption. Dopamine is thought to influence whether people have a strong or weak response to alcohol and how pleasurable that response is. The findings of this study may shed light on why some people are at higher risk of developing problem drinking behaviors. Healthy normal volunteers between 21 and 25 years of age who have never had a serious problem with alcohol abuse or drug abuse may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history and physical examination, and will be interviewed about their smoking and drinking behaviors. Participants will undergo test procedures on two separate days, as follows: Test Day 1 Upon arrival at the Clinical Center, participants will take a breathalyzer test for alcohol and provide a urine sample for a drug screen. Women will also have a urine pregnancy test. They will then lie on a hospital bed and two intravenous catheters (IV lines) will be placed, one into each arm. One line will be used to collect blood samples during the test session; the other will be used to infuse alcohol into the bloodstream. The alcohol will rapidly increase the blood alcohol level to between 0.06 and 0.08 grams per deciliter. (0.08 g/dL is the level at which a person is charge with driving under the influence of alcohol in all States.) Before, during, and after the infusion, subjects will be asked about their feelings in response to the alcohol, such as confusion, elation, level of discomfort or dizziness, ability to concentrate, and so forth. At 35 and 60 minutes after the infusion begins, subjects will take a body sway test. This involves standing on a machine to determine how the alcohol has affected the sense of balance. Subjects will then relax in the clinic for a few hours. During this time, a blood sample will be collected and a questionnaire will be given hourly until the blood alcohol level has gone down to 0.02 g/dL. When the alcohol level has declined to 0.02 g/dL (usually 3 to 4 hours after the infusion), the subject will be sent home in a taxi. Test Day 2 Participants will again take a breathalyzer test for alcohol and provide a urine sample for drug screen and, for women, a pregnancy test. Subjects will lie on a hospital bed and three IV lines will be inserted, one to draw blood samples, one to infuse alcohol, and one to give raclopride, a radioactive substance used for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. For PET, the subject lies on a table in the scanner with a mask placed over his or her head to help hold the head still during the scan. After a brief scan to adjust the machine, a small amount of radioactive water (O-15 water) is injected through the IV line and a series of pictures is taken over a period of about 1 minute. These images show how the radioactive water distributes in the brain, indicating blood flow. After the water scan, raclopride is given through the IV line and more pictures of the brain are taken over the next 2 hours. Blood samples are collected during and after the raclopride scan. During this procedure, subjects are asked the same questions about their feelings in response to the alcohol as they did during the earlier session. After he scans, they will be monitored in the clinic with hourly blood tests and questionnaires until the blood alcohol concentration decreases to 0.02 g/dL and will then be sent home in a taxi.